« Previous
Next »
Medical Hypotheses
Volume 55, Issue 6
, Pages 461-469
, December 2000
Natural vitamins may be superior to synthetic ones
References
- REFERENCES
-
.
Fads, frauds, and quackery.
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore: William & Wilkins; 1999;
p. 1793–1800
-
Barrett, S. Herbert, V. The Vitamin Pushers: How the ‘Health Food’ Industry is Selling America a Bill of Goods. Amherst (NY), Prometheus Press, 1994
-
.
Understanding Nutrition, 7th ed.. St Paul West Publishing,; 1996;
-
.
Understanding Nutrition, 4th ed. New York: West Publishing,; 1987;
-
.
Folic acid and vitamin B12.
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1994;
p. 402–425
-
Ensminger, A. H. Ensminger, M. E. Konlade, J. E. Robson, J. R. K. Food & Nutrition Encyclopedia, 2nd ed. New York, CRC Press, 1993
-
The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, USAN and USP Dictionary of Drug Names. Easton (PA), Mack Printing, 1986
-
Olson, J. A. Vitamin A, retinoids, and carotenoids. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 287, 307
-
Farrell, P. A. Roberts, R. J. Vitamin E. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 326, 358
-
Jacob, R. A. Vitamin C. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 467, 483
- . Bioavailability of oral vitamins, minerals, and trace minerals in perspective. Arzneimittelforschung. 1997;47:369–380
-
Vinson, J. Bose, P. Lemoine, L. Hsiao, K. H. Bioavailability studies. Nutrient Availability: Chemical and Biological Aspects. Cambridge (UK), Royal Society of Chemistry, 1989, 125, 127
-
Vinson, J. Human supplementation with different forms of vitamin C. University of Scranton, Scranton (PA)
-
.
Comparative bioavailability of humans to ascorbic acid alone or in a citrus extract.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48:406–601
- . A citrus extract plus ascorbic acid decreases lipids, lipid peroxides, lipoprotein oxidative susceptibility, and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J Agric Food Chem. 1998;46:1453–1469
- . Transport of deuterium-labeled tocopherols during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:459–464
- . Human plasma and tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations in response to supplementation with deuterated natural and synthetic vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67:669–684
-
Ross, A. C. Vitamin A and retinoids. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, Williams &wilkins, 1999, 305, 327
-
Tanphaichitr, V. Thiamin. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 359, 365
-
Swenseid, M. E. Jacob, R. A. Niacin. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 376, 382
-
Leklem, J. E. Vitamin B6. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 383, 394
-
Plesofsky-Vig, N. Pantothenic acid and Coenzyme A. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 395, 401
-
Herbert, V. Folic Acid In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 433, 446
-
.
Human supplementation with antioxidants.
Med Sci Res. 1992;20:145–146
-
Holick, M. F. Vitamin D. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 308, 325
-
Jenkins, D. J. A. Wolever, T. M. S. Jenkins, A. L. Diet Factors Affecting Nutrient Absorption and Metabolism. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 583, 602
-
Macrae, R. Robson, R. K. Sadler, M. J. Encyclopedia of Food Science and Nutrition. New York, Academic Press, 1993
-
.
Spectral Data Services.
Tests conducted Feb. 1993. 1993;
-
McCormick, D. B. Riboflavin. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 366, 375
-
.
Bioavailability and interaction of vitamin A and vitamin E in ruminants.
J Nutr. 1995;125(6):1799S–1803S
-
Olson, R. E. Vitamin K. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 342, 358
-
.
Synthesis and antiscorbutic activity of vitamin C analogue: L-threo-hex-2- enaro-1,4-lactone ethyl ester in the guinea pig.
Int J Vitamin Nutr Res,. 1993;63(3):208–211
-
.
Microbiological activities of nucleotide loop-modified analogues of vitamin B12.
Arch Microbiol. 1994;161(4):293–299
-
.
Pyridoxine-5’- beta-glucoside exhibits incomplete bioavailability as a source of vitamin B-6 and partially inhibits the utilization of co-ingested pyridoxine in humans.
J Nutr. 1997;127(8):1508–1513
-
.
Unusual mitochondria in the hepatocytes of rats treated with a vitamin B12 analogue.
Anat Rec. 1991;231(1):1–6
-
Holick, M. F. Vitamin D. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 329, 345
-
.
Vitamins are naturally found in food complexes.
ANMA Monito. 1999;3(1):5–9
-
Bauernfeind, J. C. Nutrification of foods. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 1579, 1592
-
.
Induction of transplantable tumors by repeated injections of natural and synthetic vitamin E in mice and rats.
Jpn J Cancer Res. 1991;82(5):511–517
-
.
Rabbit study comparing yeast and isolated B vitamins (as described in Murray R. P. Natural vs. Synthetic. Mark R. Anderson, 1995:A3).
Ann Rev Physiol. 1941;3:259–282
-
.
All vitamin supplements not created equal.
Med Trib. 1998;17:
-
.
Bioavailability of synthetic ascorbic acid and a citrus extract.
Ann New York Academy of Sciences. 1987;
- . In vitro and in vivo reduction of erythrocyte sorbitol by ascorbic acid. Diabetes. 1989;38:1036–1041
-
.
Inhibition of protein glycation and advanced glycation end products by ascorbic acid and other vitamins and nutrients.
Nutr Bioch. 1996;7:659–663
-
.
Comparison of two forms of vitamin C on galactose cataracts.
Nutrition Research. Pergamon Press; 1992;
p. 915–922
- . Synthetic as compared with natural vitamin E is preferentially excreted as alpha-CEHC in human urine: studies using deuterated alpha- tocopherol acetates. FEBS Letters. 1998;437:145–148
-
.
Hepatic toxicity of vitamin A and synthetic retinoids.
J Gastro Hepatol. 1990;5(3):334–342
-
.
Teratogenicity of high vitamin A intake.
NEJM. 1995;333(21):1369–1373
-
.
Encyclopedia of Food Science and Technology. New York: John Wiley,; 1992;
-
Haynes, W. Chemical Trade Names and Commercial Synonyms, 2nd ed. New York, Van Nostrand Co, 1955
-
Tanphaichitr, V. Thiamin. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 381, 389
-
.
Cooking losses of thiamin in food and its nutritional significance.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 1990;36(S1):S17:S24
-
McCormick, D. B. Riboflavin. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 391, 399
-
.
Binding form of vitamin B2 in bovine milk: its concentrations, distribution, and binding linkages.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 1991;37(1):15–27
-
Cervantes-Lauren, D. McElvaney, N. G. Moss, J. Niacin. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 401, 411
-
Williams, A. W. Erdman, J. W. Food processing: nutrition, safety, and quality balances. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 1813, 1821
-
Tenney, L. Health Handbook. Woodland Books, Provo (UT), 1987
-
Plesofsky-Vig, N. Pantothenic acid. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 423, 432
-
Leklem, J. E. Vitamin B6. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 413, 421
-
.
Evaluating food fortification options: general principles revisited with folic acid.
Am J Public Health. 1995;85(5):660–666
-
.
Folic acid fortification. Potential benefits and risks for the elderly population.
JAMA. 1997;276(23):1879–1885
-
.
Group urges increased folic acid fortification.
Family Practice News. 1996;11
-
Mervyn, L. The B Vitamins. Thorsons, Wellingborough (UK), 1981
-
Weir, D. G. Scott, J. M. Vitamin B12 “cobalamin”. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 447, 458
-
.
Vitamin C content of foods: sample variability.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54(Supp 6):1323S–1327S
-
Levine, M. Rumsey, S. Wang, Y. Vitamin C. Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 7th ed. Washington, ILSI Press, 1996, 146, 159
-
.
The bioavailability to humans of ascorbic acid from oranges, orange juice and cooked broccoli is similar to that of synthetic ascorbic acid.
J Nutr. 1993;123(6):1054–1061
- . Comparison of the absorption and excretion of three commercially available sources of vitamin C. J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:779–781
-
.
Vitamin C and disease prevention.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1995;14(2):109–111
-
.
Effect of vitamin C on glycation of proteins.
Diabetes. 1992;41:161–173
-
.
Synthetic studies of vitamin D analogues. XIV. Synthesis and calcium regulating activity of vitamin D3 analogues bearing a hydroxlkoxy group at the 2 beta-position.
Chem Pharm Bull. 1993;41(6):1111–1113
- . Synthetic analogs of vitamin D3 have inhibitory effects on breast cancer cell lines. Anticancer Res. 1998;18:1703–1708
-
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98(5):522
- . Dose- response comparison of RRR-alpha-tocopherol and all-racemic alpha tocopherol on LDL oxidation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:2273–2279
-
Traber, M. G. Vitamin E. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Baltimore, William & Wilkins, 1999, 347, 362
-
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98(8):918
- . Discrimination between forms of vitamin E by humans with and without genetic abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism. J Lipid Res. 1992;33:1171–1182
-
An Overview of Vitamin E Efficacy. VERIS Research Information Service, November 1998
-
Dakshinamurti, K. Biotin. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 426, 431
-
.
Food sources and dietary intakes of vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone) in the American diet: data from the FDA Total Diet Study.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1996;96(2):149–154
- . Dihydro-vitamin K1: primary food sources and estimated dietary intakes in the American diet. Lipids. 1996;31:715–720
- . Health affects of trans fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:1006S–1010S
-
.
Bioavailability of dietary minerals to humans: the stable isotope approach.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1991;30(4):387–396
-
.
Politics and pellagra: the epidemic of pellagra in the U.S. in the early twentieth century. Yale.
J Biol Med. 1992;65(3):211–221
-
Erdman, J. W. Poneros-Schneir, A. G. Factors affecting the nutritive value in processed foods. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1994, 1569, 1578
-
Schroeder, H. A. The Trace Elements and Man. Devin-Adair, New Greenwich (CT), 1973
-
.
Olestra? Just say no!.
J ANMA AANC. 1996;1(1):21
-
.
Physical or temporal separation of olestra and vitamins A, E, and D intake decreases the effect of olestra on the status of the vitamins in the pig.
J Nutr. 1997;127(8):1566S–1572S
-
.
Olestra’s effect on vitamins D and E in humans can be offset by increasing dietary levels of these vitamins.
J Nutr. 1997;127(8):1666S–1685S
-
.
Food preservation using ionizing radiation.
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1998;154(1):1–53
-
.
Nutrition and health in relation to food production and processing.
Nutr Health. 1994;9(4):237–253
-
.
Vitamin supplements and disease-counterpoint.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1995;14(2):112–113
-
.
Dietary factors in the management of Parkinson’s disease.
Nutr Reviews. 1994;52(2):51–58
- . Effect of natural beta-carotene supplementation in children exposed to radiation from the Chernobyl accident. Radiat Environ Biophys. 1998;37:187–193
-
.
The health effects of vitamin C supplementation: a review.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1995;14(2):124–136
-
.
Role of different types of vegetables and fruit in the prevention of cancer of the colon, rectum, and breast.
Epidemiology. 1998;9(3):338–341
-
.
Antioxidants and carcinogenesis.
Ann Med. 1993;25:435–441
-
.
Is there a role for antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases? An update on epidemiological and clinical trials data.
Can J Cardiology. 1994;13(10):957–965
-
Jensen, B. The Chemistry of Man. Bernard Jensen, Escondido (CA), 1983
-
DeCava, J. A. The Real Truth about Vitamins & Antioxidants. A Printery, Centerfield (MA), 1997 -
Murray, R. P. Natural vs. Synthetic. Mark R. Anderson, 1995
-
.
Plantae.
Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. NY: McGraw-Hill; 1982;
p. 57
-
Kennedy, E. The 1995 USDA/HHS Dietary Guidelines – An Overview. Washington, D.C. USDA, 1995
PII: S0306-9877(00)91090-9
doi: 10.1054/mehy.2000.1090
© 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Medical Hypotheses
Volume 55, Issue 6
, Pages 461-469
, December 2000
