Medical Hypotheses
Volume 56, Issue 2 , Pages 155-157 , February 2001

Many Gulf War illnesses may be autoimmune disorders caused by the chemical and biological stressors pyridostigmine bromide, and adrenaline

Received 5 January 2000 ,Accepted 20 March 2000.

References 

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  4. Chaney L, Moss J, Mozingo J, Hume A. Toxic interactions between pyridostigmine (PB), N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), adrenergic agents and caffeine. Toxicologist. 1997;
  5. Chaney LA, Mozingo JR, Hume AS, Moss JI. Potentiation of pyridostigmine bromide toxicity in mice by selected adrenergic agents and caffeine. Vet Human Toxicol. 1997;39(9):214–219
  6. Moss, J. I. Possible Potentiation of Pyridostigmine Bromide (PB) by Pesticides, Report of the Special Investigation Unit on Gulf War Illnesses, Committee on Verteans’ Affairs, United States Senate 1998 (September);
  7. Murphy F, Kang H, Dalager N, Lee K, Allen R, Mather S, et al. The health status of Gulf War veterans: lessons learned from the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Registry. Mil Med. 1999;164(5):327–331
  8. Rook GA, Zumla A. Gulf War syndrome: is it due to a systemic shift in cytokine balance towards a Th2 profile?. Lancet. 1997;349(9068):1831–1833
  9. Grady, E. P. Carpenter, M. T. Koenig, C. D. Older, S. A. Battafarano, D. F. Rheumatic findings in Gulf War veterans, Abstracts, February 23, Arch Intern Med, 1998, 158, 367, 371
  10. Zhang Q, Zhou XD, Denny T, Ottenweller JE, Lange G, LaManca JJ, et al. Changes in immune parameters seen in Gulf War veterans but not in civilians with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999;6(1):6–13
  11. Doucet I. Desert Storm syndrome: sick soldiers and dead children?. Med War. 1994;10(3):183–194
  12. Everson MP, Kotler S, Blackburn WD. Jr Stress and immune dysfunction in Gulf War veterans. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;876:413–418
  13. Horwitz MS, Bradley LM, Harbertson J, Krahl T, Lee J, Sarvetnick N. Diabetes induced by Coxsackie virus: initiation by bystander damage and not molecular mimicry. Nat Med. 1998;4(7):781–785

PII: S0306-9877(00)91129-0

doi: 10.1054/mehy.2000.1129

Medical Hypotheses
Volume 56, Issue 2 , Pages 155-157 , February 2001

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