Medical Hypotheses
Volume 56, Issue 6 , Pages 653-656 , June 2001

Breathing pauses during sleep: can a non-invasive ENT examination help identify subjects at risk in epidemiological settings?

Received 14 August 2000 ,Accepted 12 December 2000.

References 

    REFERENCES
  1. Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1230–1235
  2. Guilleminault, C. Stoohs, R. Partinen, M. Kryger, M. Mortality and morbidity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep and breathing, 2nd ed. New York: M. Dekker, 1994: 557–574.
  3. Phillipson E. Sleep apnoea – a major public health problem. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1271–1273
  4. Sleep. 1997;20:406–422
  5. Ferber R, Millman R, Coppola M. Portable recording in the assessment of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 1994;17:378–392
  6. Crocker BD, Olson LG, Saunders NA. Estimation of the probability of disturbed breathing during sleep before a sleep study. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;142:14–18
  7. Schwab J. Upper airway imaging. Clin Chest Med. 1998;19:33–54
  8. Deegan PC, McNicholas WT. Pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 1995;8:1161–1178
  9. Redline S, Tishler PV, Hans MG, Tosteson TD, Strohl KP, Spry K. Racial differences in sleep-disordered breathing in African-Americans and Caucasians. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:186–192
  10. Gleeson K, Zwillich CW, Braier K, White DP. Breathing route during sleep. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986;134:115–120
  11. Irvine BWH, Dayal VS, Phillipson EA. Sleep apnea due to nasal valve destruction. J Otolaryngol. 1984;13:37–38
  12. Lavie P, Zomer J. Excessive daytime sleepiness and nocturnal insomnia. Association with deviated nasal septum and nocturnal breathing disorders. Arch Otolaryngol. 1982;108:373–377
  13. Lavie P, Gertner R, Zomer J, Podoshin L. Breathing disorders in sleep associated with “microarousals” in patients with allergic rhinitis. Acta Otolaryngol. 1981;92:529–535
  14. Mc Nicholas WT, Tarlo S, Cole P. Obstructive sleep apneas during sleep in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am Revc Respir Dis. 1982;126:625–628
  15. Robin I. Snoring. Proc Roy Soc Med. 1968;61:575–582
  16. Fairbanks DN. Effect of nasal surgery on snoring. South Med J. 1985;78:268–270
  17. Kripke DF, Ancoli-Israel S, Klauber MR, Wingard DL, Mason WJ, Mullaney DJ. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in ages 40–64 years: a population-based survey. Sleep. 1977;20:65–76
  18. Zwillich CW, Pickett C, Hanson FN, Weil JV. Disturbed sleep and prolonged apnea during nasal obstruction in normal men. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1981;124:158–160
  19. Olsen KD, Kern EB, Westbrook PR. Sleep and breathing disturbance secondary to nasal obstruction. Otolar Head Neck Surg. 1981;89:804–810
  20. Lavie P, Rubin AE. Effects of nasal occlusion on respiration in sleep. Evidence of inheritability of sleep apnea proneness. Acta Otolaryngol. 1984;97:127–130
  21. Carskadon MA, Bearpark HM, Sharkey KM. Effects of menopause and nasal occlusion on breathing during sleep. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:205–210
  22. Martin RJ, Pennock BE, Orr WC, Sanders MH, Rogers RM. Respiratory mechanics and timing during sleep in occlusive sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol. 1980;48:432–437
  23. Braver HM, Block AJ. Effect of nasal spray, positional therapy, and the combination thereof in the asymptomatic snorer. Sleep. 1994;17:516–521
  24. Metes A, Cole P, Hoffstein V, Miljeteig H. Nasal airway dilation and obstructed breathing in sleep. Laryngoscope. 1992;102:1052–1055
  25. Miljeteig H, Savard P, Mateika S, Cole P, Haight JSH, Hoffstein V. Snoring and nasal resistance during sleep. Laryngoscope. 1993;103:918–923
  26. Young T, Finn L, Kim H. Nasal obstruction as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;99:suppl 2: S757–S762
  27. Teculescu D, Mayeux L, Montaut-Verient B, Michaely J-P, Mur JM. Etude épidémiologique des troubles respiratoires du sommeil dans une population masculine lorraine: résultats préliminaires. Santé Publique. 1998;10:177–190
  28. Teculescu D, Mayeux L, Hanhhart B, Montaut-Verient B, Virion J-M, Cornette A. Breathing pauses during sleep: survey of a male population in Lorraine, France. Poster presentation, International meeting “Diagnosis and treatment of sleep breathing disorders”, Grenoble, December 9–11,. 1988;
  29. Rodenstein DO, Stanescu DC. The soft palate and breathing (State of the Art). Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986;134:311–325
  30. DeBerry-Borowiecki B, Kukwa A, Blanks RHI. Cephalometric analysis for diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Laryngoscope. 1988;98:226–234
  31. Katzantonis GP, Walsh JK, Schweitzer PK, Friedman WH. Further evaluation of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985;93:244–249
  32. Lyberg T, Krogstad O, Djupesland G. Cephalometric analysis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: II. Soft tissue morphology. J Laryngol Otol. 1989;103:293–297
  33. Wilms D, Popovich J, Conway W, Fujita S, Zorick F. Anatomic abnormalities in obstructive sleep apnoea. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1982;91:595–596
  34. Fujita, S. Potesta, E. Clark, J. L. Upper airway anatomic abnormality of chronic snorers with obstructive sleep apnea (methods of evaluation and classification). Chouard, C. H. Chronic Rhonchopathy, Paris, J Libbey Ltd, 1988, 82.
  35. Davies RJO, Stradling JR. The relationship between neck circumference, radiographic pharyngeal anatomy and the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Eur Respir J. 1990;3:509–514
  36. Teculescu DB. Can snoring induce or worsen sleep apnea?. Med Hypotheses. 1998;50:125–129
  37. Brouillette RT, Fernbach SK, Hunt CE. Obstructive sleep apnea in infants and children. J Pediatr. 1982;100:31–40
  38. Orr W, Martin RJ. Obstructive sleep apnea associated with tonsillar hypertrophy in adults. Arch in Med. 1981;141:990–992
  39. Walsh RE, Michaelson ED, Harkleroad ED, Zighelboim A, Sackner MA. Upper airway obstruction in obese patients with sleep disturbance and somnolence. Ann int Med. 1972;76:185–192
  40. Roberts JL, Reed WR, Mathew OP, Menon AA, Thach BT. Assessment of pharyngeal airway stability in normal and micrognathic infants. J Appl Physiol. 1985;58:290–299
  41. Valero A, Alroy G. Hypoventilation in acquired micrognathia. Arch Int Med. 1965;115:307–310
  42. Hoffstein V, Zamel N, Phillipson EA. Lung volume dependence of pharyngeal cross-sectional area in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;130:175–178
  43. Rodenstein DC, Dooms G, Thomas Y. Pharyngeal shape and dimensions in healthy subjects, snorers, and patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax. 1990;45:722–727
  44. Haponik EF, Smith PL, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER. Evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing: is polysomnography necessary?. Am J Med. 1984;77:671–677
  45. Hoffstein V, Szalai JP. Predictive value of clinical features in diagnosing obstructive sleep apneas. Sleep. 1993;16:118–122

PII: S0306-9877(00)91283-0

doi: 10.1054/mehy.2000.1283

Medical Hypotheses
Volume 56, Issue 6 , Pages 653-656 , June 2001