Medical Hypotheses
Volume 59, Issue 1 , Pages 57-61 , July 2002

Why the preeminent risk factor in sporadic Alzheimer's disease cannot be genetic

  • H.D Foster

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Harold D. Foster PhD, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3050, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada, fax: +250-712-6216

Received 25 June 2001 ,Accepted 1 November 2001.

References 

  1. Khachaturian ZS. Plundered memories. The Sciences. 1997;37(4):20–25
  2. Cutler NR, Sramek JJ. In: Understanding Alzheimer's disease. Jackson, MI: University Press of Mississippi; 1996;p. 28–49
  3. St. George-Hyslop PH. Piecing together Alzheimer's. Sci. Am. 2000;283(6):76–83
  4. Ineichen B. In: Senile dementia: policy and services. London: Chapman & Hall; 1989;p. 12–15
  5. Chiu HFK, Zhang M. Dementia research in China. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2000;15:947–953
  6. WHO Scientific Group on Senile Dementia. Dementia in late life:research and action. Technical Report Series 730. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1986
  7. Molina O, Cardozo D, Cardozo J. Causes of dementia in Maracaibo, Venezuela: a re-evaluation. Rev. Neurol. 2000;30(2):115–117
  8. Flaten TP. Geographical associations between aluminum in drinking water and death rates with dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Norway. Environ. Geochem. Health. 1990;12(1/2):152–167
  9. Martyn CN, Barker DJO, Osmond C, Edwardson JA, Lacey RF. Geographical relation between Alzheimer's disease and aluminum in drinking water. Lancet. 1989;1(8629):59–62
  10. Whalley LJ, Thomas BM, McGongial G, McQuade CA, Swingler R, Black R. Epidemiology of presenile Alzheimer's disease in Scotland (1974–1988). Non-random Geographical Variation. Br. J. Psychiatry. 1995;167(6):728–731
  11. McLachlan DR. Aluminum and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Environmetrics. 1995;6:233–238
  12. Centers for disease control. Mortality from Alzheimer's disease—United States, 1979–1987. JAMA 1991;265 (3):313–317
  13. Hagnell O, Lanke J, Rorsman B, Ojesjo L. Does the incidence of age psychoses increase?. Neuropsychobiology. 1981;7:201–211
  14. Martyn CN, Pippard EC. Usefulness of mortality data in determining the geography and time trends in dementia. J. Epidemiol. Community Health. 1988;42:134–137
  15. Jorm AF, Henderson AS, Jacomb PA. Regional differences in mortality from dementia in Australia:an analysis of death certificate data. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1989;79:179–185
  16. Neuman SC, Bland RC. Canadian trends in mortality from mental disorders, 1965–1983. Act. Psychiatr. Scand. 1987;76:1–7
  17. Flaten TP. Mortality from dementia in Norway, 1969–1983. J. Epidemiol. Community Health. 1989;43:285–289
  18. Graves AB, Larson EB, Edland SD, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, et al.  Prevalence of dementia and its subtypes in the Japanese American population of King County, Washington State. The Kame Project. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1996;144(8):760–771
  19. Hendrie HC, Ogunniyi A, Hall KS, Baiyeuw O, Unverzagt FW, Gyreje O, et al.  Incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in 2 communities: Yoruba residing in Ibadan, Nigeria and African Americans residing in Indianapolis, Indiana. JAMA. 2001;285:739–747
  20. Bishop and Waldholz. Genome 1990. Cited by Bland J S in Williams J R, Biochemical Individuality: the Basis for the Genetotrophic Concept. New Canaan, CT:Keats Publishing: 1998. viii
  21. Vogt T. Water quality and health. Study of a possible relation between aluminum in drinking water and dementia. Sosiale Og Okonomiske Studier Statistisk Sentralbyra Oslo-Kongsvinger. 1986;61:60–63
  22. Templer DI, Chicota CL, Russell MC. Alzheimer's disease and aluminum soil concentration. J Orthomol Med. 2001;16(2):115–116
  23. Foster HD. How aluminum causes Alzheimer's disease:the implications for prevention and treatment of Foster's multiple antagonist hypothesis. J. Orthomol. Med. 2000;15(1):21–51
  24. Campbell A, Kumar A, La Rosa FG, Prasad KN, Bondy SC. Aluminum increases levels of beta-amyloid and ubiquitin in neuroblastoma but not in glioma cells. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 2000;223(4):397–402
  25. Moore PB, Day JP, Taylor GA, Ferrier IN, Fifield LK, Edwardson JA. Absorption of aluminum-26 in Alzheimer's disease, measured using accelerator mass spectrometry. Dement Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 2000;11(2):66–69

PII: S0306-9877(02)00116-0

Medical Hypotheses
Volume 59, Issue 1 , Pages 57-61 , July 2002