Medical Hypotheses
Volume 59, Issue 6 , Pages 667-669 , 12 November 2002

JC virus: a biomarker for colorectal cancer?

Received 31 July 2001 ,Accepted 1 November 2001.

References 

  1. Fearon ER, Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorgenesis. Cell. 1990;61:759
  2. Lengauer C, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Genetic instability in colorectal cancers. Nature. 1997;396:623
  3. Cahill DP, Lengauer C, Yu J, Riggins GJ, Willson JK, Markowitz SD, et al. Mutations of mitotic checkpoint genes in human cancers. Nature. 1998;392:300
  4. Brattain MG, Fine WD, Khaled FM, Thompson J, Brattain DE. Heterogeneity of malignant cells from a human colonic carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1981;41:1751
  5. Branch P, Hampson R, Karran P. DNA mismatch binding defects, DNA damage tolerance, and mutator phenotype in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res. 1995;55:2304–2309
  6. Lal G, Gallinger S. Familial adenomatous polyposis. Semin. Oncol. 2000;18:314
  7. Goss KH, Groden J. Biology of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor. J. Clin. Oncol. 2000;18(9):1967
  8. Staib C, Pesch J, Gerwig R, Gerber JK, Brehm U, Stangl A, et al. P53 inhibits JC virus DNA replication in vivo and interacts with JC virus large T antigen. Virology. 1996;219(1):237–246
  9. Dyson N, Bernards R, Friend SH, Gooding LR, Hassell JA, Major EO, et al. Large T-antigens of many polyomaviruses are able to form complexes with the retinoblastoma protein. J. Virol. 1990;64:1353
  10. Gannon JV, Lane DP. P53 and DNA polymerase alpha compete for binding to SV40 T antigen. Nature. 1987;329:456
  11. DeCaprio JA, Ludlow JW, Figge J, Shew JY, Huang CM, Lee WH, et al. SV40 large tumor antigen forms a specific complex with the product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene. Cell. 1988;54:275
  12. Meitz JA, Unger T, Huibregtse JM, Howle PM. The transcriptional transactivation function of wild-type p53 is inhibited by SV40 large T-antigen and by HPV-16 E6 oncoprotein. EMBO J. 1992;11:5013
  13. Agami R, Bernards R. Distinct initiation and maintenance mechanisms cooperate to induce G1 cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. Cell. 2000;102:55
  14. Shadan FF, Villarreal LP. Co-evolution of persistently infecting small DNA viruses and their hosts is linked to host-interactive regulatory domains. PNAS USA. 1993;90:4117
  15. Bollag B, Chuke WF, Frisque RJ. Hybrid genomes of the polyomavirus JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40: identification of sequence important for efficient transformation. J. Virol. 1989;63:863
  16. Dornreiter I, Copelaud WC, Wang TS. Initiation of simian virus4 0 DNA replication requires the interaction of a specific domain of human DNA polymerase alpha with large T-antigen. Mol. Cell Biol. 1993;13:809
  17. Vousden KH. P53: Death star. Cell. 2000;103:691
  18. Fanning E, Knippers R. Structure and function of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 1992;61:55
  19. Stewart N, Bacchetti S. Expression of SV40 T-antigen, but not small t antigen, is required for the induction of chromosomal aberrations in transformed human cells. Virology. 1991;180:49
  20. Geissler E. SV-40 and human brain tumors. Prog. Med. Virol. 1990;37:211–222 Genetics. 1990;63:1
  21. Walker DL, Frisque RJ. The Papovaviridae. In:  Salzman NP editors. The Polyomaviruses. vol. 1:New York: Plenum Press; 1986;p. 327
  22. Wessel R, Schweizer J, Stahl H. Simian virus 40 T-antigen DNA helicase is a hexamer which forms a binary complex during bi-directional unwinding from the viral origin of DNA replication. J. Virol. 1992;66:804
  23. Wei G, Liu CK, Atwood WJ. JC virus binds to primary human glial cells, tonsillar stromal cells, and B-lymphocytes, but not to T lymphocytes. J. Neurovirol. 2000;6(2):127
  24. Tretiakova A, Krynska B, Gordon J, Khalili K. Human neurotropic JC virus early protein deregulates glial cell cycle pathway and impairs cell differentiation. J. Neurosci. Res. 1999;55(5):588
  25. Trowbridge PW, Frisque RJ. Analysis of G418-selected Rat2 cells containing prototype, variant, mutant, and chimeric JC virus and SV40 genomes. Virology. 1993;(2):458
  26. Tumilowicz JJ, Nichols WW, Cholon JJ, Greene AE. Definition of a continuous human cell line derived from neuroblastoma. Cancer Res. 1970;39:2110
  27. Valle LD, Gordon J, Assimakopoulou M, Enam S, Geddes JF, Varakis JN, et al. Detection of JC virus DNA sequences and expression of the viral regulatory protein T-antigen in tumors of the central nervous system. Cancer Res. 2001;15(10):4287
  28. Strizzi L, Vianale G, Guiliano M, Sacco R, Chiodera P, Casalini P, et al. SV40, JC and BK expression in tissue, urine and blood samples from patients with malignant and nonmalignant pleural disease. Anticancer Res. 2000;(2A):885
  29. Small JA, Khoury G, Jay G, Howley PM, Cscangos GA. Early regions of JC virus and BK virus induce distinct and tissue-specific tumors in transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1986;88:
  30. Imperiale J. The human polyomaviruses, BKV and JCV: molecular pathogenesis of acute disease and potential role in cancer. Virology. 2000;267:1:1
  31. Smith MA, Strickler HD, Granovsky M, Reaman G, Linet M, Daniel R, et al. Investigation of leukemia cells from children with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia for genomic sequences of the primate polyomaviruses JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 1999;33(5):441
  32. Neel JV, Major EO, Awa AA, Glover T, Burgess A, Traub R, et al. Hypothesis:“Rogue cell”-type chromosomal damage in lymphocytes is associated with infection with the JC human polyoma virus and has implications for oncogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1996;93:2690
  33. Neel JV. An association in Adult Japanese between the occurrences of rogue cells among cultured lymphocytes (JC virus activity) and the frequency of “simple” chromosomal damage among the lymphocytes of persons exhibiting these rogue cells. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1998;63:489
  34. Caldarelli-Stefano R, Boldorini R, Monga G, Meraviglia E, Zorini EO, Ferrante P. JC virus in human glial-derived tumors. Hum. Pathol. 2000;31(3):394–395
  35. Croul S, Lublin FD, Del Valle L, Oshinsky RJ, Giordano A, Khalili K, et al. The cellular response of JC virus T-antigen-induced brain tumor implants to a murine intra-occular model. J. Neuroimmunol. 2000;106(1–2):181
  36. Gordon J, Del Valle L, Otte J, Khalili K. Pituitary neoplasia induced by expression of human neurotropic polyomavirus, JCV, early genome in transgenic mice. Oncgogene. 2000;19(42):4840
  37. Khalili D, Krynska B, Del Valle L, Katsetos CD, Croul S. Medulloblastoma and the human neurotropic polyomavirus JC virus. Lancet. 1999;353(9159):1152
  38. Krynska B, Del Valle L, Croul S, Giordano A, Khalili K. Detection of human neurotropic JC virus DNA sequence and expression of the viral oncogenic protein in pediatric medulloblastomas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1999;96(20):11519
  39. Smith MA, Strickler HD, Granovsky M, Reaman G, Linet M, Daniel R, et al. Investigation of leukemia cells from children with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia for genomic sequences of the primate polyomaviruses JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 1999;33(5):441
  40. Weggen S, Bayer TA, Von Deimling A, Reifenberger G, Von Schweinitz D, Wiestler OD, et al. Low frequency of SV40, JC and BK polyomavirus sequences in human medulloblastomas, meningiomas and ependymomas. Brain Pathol. 2000;10(1):85
  41. Strizzi L, Vianale G, Guiliano M, Sacco R, Chiodera P, Casalini P, et al. SV40, JC and BK expression in tissue, urine and blood samples from patients with malignant and nonmalignant pleural disease. Anticancer Res. 2000;(2A):885
  42. Krynska B, Del Valle L, Croul S, Gordon J, Katsetos CD, Carbone M, et al. Detection of human neurotropic JC virus DNA sequence and expression of the viral oncogene meduloblastomas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2000;96(20):11519
  43. Khalili K, Croul S, Del Valle L, Krynska B, Gordon J. Oncogenic potential of human neurotropic virus:laboratory and clinical observations. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 2001;3:210
  44. Laghi L, Randolph AE, Chauhan DP, Marra G, Major EO, Neel JV, et al. JC Virus is present in the mucosa of the human colon and in colorectal cancers. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 1999;96:7484
  45. Ricciardiello L, Laghi L, Ramamirtham P, Chang CL, Chang DK, Randolph AE, et al. JC virus DNA sequences are frequently present in the human upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:1228
  46. Ricciardiello L, Chang DK, Laghi L, Goel A, Chang CL, Boland CR. Mad-1 is the exclusive JC virus strain present in the human colon and deletes a 98-bp sequence form the transcriptional control region in colon cancers. J. Virol. 2001;75(4):1996
  47. Shadan FF, Elbehti-Green A, Ricciardiello L, Goel A, Chang DK, Smith W, Goel A, Goodison S, Mascarello J, Boland CR. JC virus infects normal human colon cells and causes chromosomal instability (unpublished data).
  48. Ricciardiello L, Goel A, Chang DK, Shadan FF, Fionino A, Carethers JM, Laghi L, Boland CR. JC virus is integrated in SW480 colon cancer cell line and expresses T antigen: a proposed mechanism for chromosomal instability (unpublished data).

PII: S0306-9877(02)00166-4

Medical Hypotheses
Volume 59, Issue 6 , Pages 667-669 , 12 November 2002

Article Tools