Medical Hypotheses
Volume 59, Issue 3 , Pages 247-251 , September 2002

Is diabetic hypercoagulability an acquired annexinopathy? Glycation of annexin II as a putative mechanism for impaired fibrinolysis in diabetic patients

  • A Gugliucci

      Affiliations

    • Biochemistry Laboratory, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Mare Island, Vallejo, California, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: A. Gugliucci MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Mare Island Building H-83, 832 Walnut Ave, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA. Phone: 1-707-6385237; Fax: 1-707-6385255
  • ,
  • L Ghitescu

      Affiliations

    • Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada

Received 1 October 2001 ,Accepted 20 December 2001.

References 

  1. Calles-Escandon J, Garcia-Rubi E, Mirza S, Mortensen A. Type 2 diabetes: one disease, multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Coron. Artery Dis. 1999;10:23–30
  2. Turner RC. The UK prospective diabetes study. A review. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(Suppl. 3):C35–38
  3. Worrall G. Results of the DCCT trial. Implications for managing our patients with diabetes. Can Fam. Physician. 1994;40:1955–1960 (see also pp. 1955–1963)
  4. Srimanunthiphol J, Beddow R, Arakaki R. A review of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and a discussion of the implications for patient care. Hawaii Med. J. 2000;59:295–298 (see also p. 313)
  5. Marks JB, Raskin P. Cardiovascular risk in diabetes: a brief review. J. Diabetes Complications. 2000;14:108–115
  6. Carr ME. Diabetes mellitus: a hypercoagulable state. J. Diabetes Complications. 2001;15:44–54
  7. Tamborlane WV, Ahern J. Implications and results of the diabetes control and complications trial. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 1997;44:285–300
  8. Hunt BJ. The endothelium in atherogenesis. Lupus. 2000;9:189–193
  9. Laight DW, Carrier MJ, Anggard EE. Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 1999;15:274–282
  10. Matsuda T, Morishita E, Jokaji H, et al.  Mechanism on disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis in diabetes. Diabetes. 1996;45(Suppl. 3):S109–110
  11. Jones RL, Peterson CM. The fluid phase of coagulation and the accelerated atherosclerosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1981;30:33–38
  12. Kwaan HC. Changes in blood coagulation, platelet function, and plasminogen–plasmin system in diabetes. Diabetes. 1992;41(Suppl. 2):32–35
  13. Marks JB, Raskin P. Cardiovascular risk in diabetes: a brief review. J. Diabetes Complications. 2000;14:108–115
  14. Matthews DR. The natural history of diabetes-related complications: the UKPDS experience. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 1999;1(Suppl. 2):S7–13
  15. Gugliucci A. Glycation as the glucose link to diabetic complications. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 2000;100:621–634
  16. Brownlee M. Negative consequences of glycation. Metabolism. 2000;49:9–13
  17. Schmidt AM, Stern D. Atherosclerosis and diabetes: the RAGE connection. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 2000;2:430–436
  18. Nishikawa T, Edelstein D, Brownlee M. The missing link: a single unifying mechanism for diabetic complications. Kidney Int. 2000;58(Suppl. 77):S26–30
  19. Tomkin GH, Owens D. Abnormalities in apo B-containing lipoproteins in diabetes and atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2001;17:27–43
  20. Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Glycoxidation and lipoxidation in atherogenesis. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2000;28:1708–1716
  21. Lyons TJ, Jenkins AJ. Lipoprotein glycation and its metabolic consequences. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 1997;8:174–180
  22. Lopes-Virella MF, Virella G. Modified lipoproteins, cytokines and macrovascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann. Med. 1996;28:347–354
  23. Hajjar KA. Cellular receptors in the regulation of plasmin generation. Thromb. Haemost. 1995;74:294–301
  24. Bombeli T, Mueller M, Haeberli A. Anticoagulant properties of the vascular endothelium. Thromb. Haemost. 1997;77:408–423
  25. Bandorowicz J, Pikula S. Annexins-multifunctional, calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding proteins. Acta Biochim. Pol. 1993;40:281–293
  26. Benz J, Hofmann A. Annexins: from structure to function. Biol. Chem. 1997;378:177–183
  27. Creutz CE. The annexins and exocytosis. Science. 1992;258:924–931
  28. Harder T, Simons K. Caveolae, DIGs, and the dynamics of sphingolipid-cholesterol microdomains. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1997;9:534–542
  29. Siever DA, Erickson HP. Extracellular annexin II. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 1997;29:1219–1223
  30. Kubista H, Sacre S, Moss SE. Annexins and membrane fusion. Subcell Biochem. 2000;34:73–131
  31. Mollenhauer J. Annexins: what are they good for?. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 1997;53:506–507
  32. Seaton BA, Dedman JR. Annexins. Biometals. 1998;11:399–404
  33. Waisman DM. Annexin II tetramer: structure and function. Mol. Cell Biochem. 1995;149–150:301–322
  34. Ghitescu LD, Gugliucci A, Dumas F. Actin and annexins I and II are among the main endothelial plasmalemma- associated proteins forming early glucose adducts in experimental diabetes. Diabetes. 2001;50:1666–1674
  35. Hajjar KA, Krishnan S. Annexin II: a mediator of the plasmin/plasminogen activator system. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 1999;9:128–138
  36. Ling Q, Hajjar KA. Inhibition of endothelial cell thromboresistance by homocysteine. J. Nutr. 2000;130:373S–376S
  37. Hajjar KA, Jacovina AT. Modulation of annexin II by homocysteine: implications for atherothrombosis. J. Investig. Med. 1998;46:364–369
  38. Rand JH. The annexinopathies: a new category of diseases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2000;1498:169–173

PII: S0306-9877(02)00208-6

Medical Hypotheses
Volume 59, Issue 3 , Pages 247-251 , September 2002