A hypothesis of synergism: the interrelationship of T3 and insulin to disturbances in metabolic homeostasis

While the role of abnormal insulin homeostasis in the pathogenesis of Type-2 diabetes mellitus is well established, the importance of the canonical role of T3 on Type-2 diabetes or the homeostasis of glucose, lipid, and energy balance has not been addressed. Based on the available evidence from molecular biology, the pivotal regulatory role of T3 in major metabolic pathways and glycemic control can be delineated by mapping the specific action sites of T3 and insulin on the metabolic pathways of the glucose–lipid cycle. The current paper presents an integrative hypothesis of the synergistic relationship of T3 and insulin in metabolic homeostasis and abnormalities.