Intradialytic creatine supplementation: A scientific rationale for improving the health and quality of life of dialysis patients
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open access
Abbreviations
AGAT
arginine-glycine amidinotransferase (mostly in the kidney)
AMPK
AMP-activated protein kinase
ANT
mitochondrial adenine nucleotide or ATP/ADP carrier of the inner mitochondrial membrane
ATP
adenosine-trisphosphate, the universal energy currency of living systems
CK
creatine kinase: MM-CK: cytosolic muscle-type MM-CK dimer, cytosolic non-muscle or brain-type BB-CK dimer: mtCK octameric mitochondrial CK
CKD patients
chronic kidney dialysis patients
CKD
chronic kidney disease patients
Cr
creatine, Crn: creatinine, total Cr: Cr plus PCr
CrT
creatine transporter or 2Na+:1Cl−:1Cr-cotransporter belonging to the solute carrier family SLC6A8
ECs
erythrocytes
EPO
erythropoietin
GAMT
guanidino acetate methyl-transferase (mostly in the liver)
GAT2
gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-2
GFR
glomerular filtration rate
HCys
homocysteine
HIF
hypoxia-induced factor
mPTP
mitochondrial permeability transition pore
mtCK
mitochondrial octameric CK isoform, sandwiched between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes
NAFL
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
PCr
phosphoryl-creatine or phospho-creatine
QOL
quality of life
SAM
S-adenosyl-methionine
TBARS
thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances
tHCys
total plasma homocysteine concentration
VDAC
voltage-dependent anion carrier of the outer mitochondrial membrane
Keywords
CKD patients
Dialysis patients
Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis with creatine
Intra-dialytic or oral creatine supplementation
Kidney insufficiency
Kidney failure
Chronic dialysis treatment
Muscle loss
Muscle fatigue
Sarcopenia
Mental fatigue
Depressions
Kidney transplant
Cardiovascular complications
Atherosclerosis
Inflammation
Hyper-homo-cysteinemia
Protection by creatine of erythrocytes and immune cells
Protection from oxidative damage and mechanical stress by creatine
Sparing of erythropoietin (EPO)
Diabetes mellitus type-2
Insulin sensitivity
Metabolic syndrome
Dyslipidemia
Fatty liver disease
NASH
NAFL
X-ray contrast media induced kidney failure
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© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.